Speaker
Description
This work presents a detailed multi-wavelength analysis of Low Luminosity Gamma-Ray Bursts (LL GRBs) afterglows within the standard forward-shock synchrotron framework. Using representative observing frequencies spanning radio ($10^{9}$ Hz), UV ($10^{15}$ Hz), x-ray ($10^{18}$ Hz), and $\gamma$-ray ($10^{20}$ Hz), model light curves were computed and interpreted under physically motivated parameters for the external medium, microphysics, and jet energetics. The resulting profiles exhibit a common peak time of approximately 0.01 days across bands, consistent with the rapid onset of afterglow emission driven by a decelerating relativistic blast wave. Peak fluxes demonstrate strong frequency dependence, with radio producing the highest amplitudes and $\gamma$-rays the lowest. Temporal decay slopes converge to $\alpha \approx -1.36$ to $-1.38$ for UV, X-ray, and radio, indicating a shared slow-cooling synchrotron regime, while the $\gamma$-ray band shows a substantially steeper decline ($\alpha \approx -6.22$), characteristic of fading prompt-emission components. Complementary analyses of LL GRBs reveal a tight $E_{\rm iso}-L_{\rm iso}$ correlation ($r \approx 0.99$), a weak luminosity--flux trend, and a significant $E_{\rm iso}-z$ dependence, highlighting both intrinsic energy--luminosity coupling and selection effects in the LL GRB population. Overall, these findings highlight the complex spectral evolution of GRB afterglows, which are consistent with the predictions of the forward shock model. Furthermore, the results reinforce the robustness of forward-shock physics in explaining broadband afterglow evolution and provide a coherent framework linking energetics, spectral regimes, and temporal behaviour in LL GRBs, highlighting their role as a distinct, physically meaningful subclass within the broader GRB population.
| Stream | Science or Engineering |
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